How to Diagnose and Treat ADHD
Many people believe that ADHD is only a condition of children, however it can affect adults as well. Being diagnosed and treated for ADHD can help improve a person's life.
An assessment for ADHD might include interviewing the patient and their family members. The specialist may look over old school records to see if symptoms started in the early years of childhood.
Signs and symptoms
ADHD is a condition that affects work, school and family life. Everyone struggles with concentration and staying organised from time to time. To be considered to have the disorder, a person must have major symptoms in at least two of these areas and demonstrate that the symptoms significantly hinder daily functioning. The symptoms must have been present for at least six months.
To make a diagnosis, doctors will speak with the patient about their symptoms and ask about their family history and medical problems. They can also utilize rating scales that measure a adult's or a child's symptoms. These questionnaires are usually based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). They cover symptoms like hyperactivity, inattention and the tendency to be impulsive.
Adults may be asked to speak with their spouse or someone who knows them well. This is not to question the patient's honesty but to gain more insight about their behavior that isn't gained from the answers to a questionnaire. They could inquire about childhood behavior and refer to old school records in order to determine if the symptoms started before the age of 12.
Before determining a diagnosis the doctor will conduct an examination and tests on the lab to rule out any other health issues, like thyroid problems or head injuries that may cause similar symptoms. The doctor will also look over a person's medication list. Doctors will look at the interactions between stimulants and specific medications prescribed for depression, high blood pressure, and other ailments. This is the reason it's crucial for adults to consult their primary care physicians if they think they might be suffering from ADHD.
Diagnosis
To be considered to have ADHD, the symptoms must be evident in at least two places (such as at home, school, and work) and interfere with functioning. The symptoms must have appeared before the age of 12 and must not be caused by another disorder like depression or anxiety.
A mental health professional will use various tools to evaluate the patient, including ADHD symptom lists and standardized scales for assessing behaviour, and a detailed medical history. They might also talk to family members or friends to learn how the symptoms have affected them. They will ask whether the symptoms are similar to other psychiatric conditions or physical conditions.
The evaluators will look at whether the symptoms are mild or severe. They will also examine the patient's medical and familial history to determine if there are underlying causes for their issue for example, thyroid issues or head injuries.
In some cases, the evaluator might want to conduct a cognitive test or request that the person undergo an imaging test in order to rule out other causes for their symptoms such as learning disabilities. People with these problems typically present differently than those who don't have them. Boys tend to display hyperactive symptoms, whereas girls display inattentional symptoms.
Some people with ADHD might be interested in participating in a clinical study to test new treatments. This is a fantastic opportunity to further research. However, participants should be aware that the main goal of these studies is scientific knowledge and not necessarily an assurance of treatment. Visit the NIMH's Clinical Trials Fact Sheet for more information on clinical trials.
Treatment
If you suspect you may have ADHD Find a doctor who is trained to recognize the disorder. Contact your health insurance company to inquire if ADHD specialists will be covered. You may also ask your family doctor or other health professionals for recommendations. Word-of mouth recommendations are also an alternative.
A doctor will speak with the patient -or their parents, in children's cases -- about the symptoms. They may use checklists that are standard or ADHD symptoms, and also ask other people in the patient's life for details including spouses and their families. Personal insights will reveal more than can be gleaned from questionnaires.
Experts will also examine any old school records, and especially old reports. The diagnosis of ADHD is usually determined by the past of the individual. To be diagnosed the symptoms must be present since the age of a child (technically before age 12).
Physical examinations are also carried out. It is also checked for any other medical issues that could be causing symptoms, for instance seizures or thyroid issues. A neurological exam is usually carried out by an expert to assess motor control and coordination. Psychological tests that test the ability to think and be smart could be utilized. A person may be asked to perform simple computer tasks to test memory and attention. This could help an expert determine if a person is hyperactive or not. The specialist will determine the best treatment plan and then make a diagnosis. The treatment typically includes medication and therapy. Psychotherapy, or talk therapy, can teach adults and children healthy coping techniques and change unhelpful thinking patterns. This therapy is usually performed by the primary care physician or a mental health professional who has a specialization in adult ADHD.
Medication
Many people with ADHD get better by taking medication. However, this is not the only method of treating the condition. Psychotherapy, behavioral therapy or a combination of both can be beneficial for adolescents, children, and adults. These therapies assist them to cope and cope with their ADHD symptoms. Psychoeducation, which is a form of education on ADHD and ways to manage it, could be incorporated. They may involve teachers, parents and other professionals.
It is crucial to locate an expert in mental health or health professional who is experienced in treating ADHD. You can ask for recommendations from people who have ADHD or from a mental health provider you already know, or do an online search. It is recommended to find an expert who is familiar with your insurance plan.
The doctor will ask you or your child about the signs and issues caused by ADHD. They will conduct an examination of the body and look for any other health conditions that could cause similar symptoms. They will look over your or your child's medical history and family history, school records, and other reports.
The American Psychiatric Association's (DSM-V) that is primarily geared towards diagnosing children and adolescents, has a harder to diagnose ADHD in adults. Your doctor will interview you or your child about the signs and may also ask other people who spend long periods of time with them to fill out questionnaires and checklists. They will use these to help them decide whether you or your child has inattentive ADHD, hyperactive-impulsive ADHD, combined ADHD or unspecified ADHD. ADHD medications include stimulants such as methylphenidate, lisdexamfetamine, and atomox, as well nonstimulants such atomoxetine as well as certain antidepressants. They work by increasing and balancing levels of neurotransmitters, which are brain chemicals.
Counseling
Many people with ADHD also have co-occurring disorders, such as anxiety or depression. I Am Psychiatry should therefore include therapy that targets these issues. Some patients can benefit from cognitive behavior therapy that teaches skills such as time and task management as well as emotional self-regulation.
Therapists can also help patients manage their symptoms by altering their lifestyle. Regular exercise can reduce hyperactivity and improve concentration. A healthy diet is crucial for people with ADHD tend to eat more sugar and fat and consume less vegetables and fruits than other people. Making family and social relationships a top priority can help decrease anxiety and make people feel more in control of their lives.
Another big benefit of an ADHD diagnosis is that it gives children and adults a clearer awareness of their difficulties. For instance, a child with ADHD might have difficulty communicating their needs to teachers and peers however, once a teacher is aware that it's not due to a lack of motivation accommodations can be implemented.
A professional who is evaluating ADHD will ask questions geared to the person's age, talk to family members and teachers, look over medical records, and check for any comorbid conditions. If ADHD symptoms started before adulthood school records could be helpful for adults.
The doctor will also look for any hearing or vision problems. They may also do a blood test to determine the presence of specific hormones and other health issues that may cause symptoms of ADHD.